Current studies suggest that we may need more vitamin D than presently recommended to prevent chronic disease. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is a particularly important public health issue because hypovitaminosis D is an independent risk factor for total mortality in the general population.
This pandemic of hypovitaminosis D can mainly be attributed to lifestyle (for example, reduced outdoor activities) and environmental (for example, air pollution) factors that reduce exposure to sunlight, which is required for ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced vitamin D production in the skin. An estimated 1 billion people worldwide, across all ethnicities and age groups, have a vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Vitamin D insufficiency affects almost 50% of the population worldwide.
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